Identifying unseen content of interest

ABSTRACT

Making an information retrieval process public, so that it can be followed by others, allows capturing of an interest graph that allows people to learn more about shared interests with other people. This also allows items of interest to a trusted resource (such as an expert) to be identified. These items can then be brought to the attention of other users that share the same interest as the expert. In addition, by keeping track of what particular content a user has already seen, the system can bring items of interest to the user&#39;s attention, where the user has not yet seen those items.

BACKGROUND

Social network sites are currently popular. Many social network sites basically attempt to capture a social graph of connections among users. The users are often family members, classmates, and other prior acquaintances.

Current information retrieval systems allow individual users to employ search engines to explore various areas of knowledge stored in a data corpus, or a variety of different corpora, and accessible either directly, or over a network. For instance, some information retrieval search engines allow a user to submit a query to search for information over a wide area network, such as the Internet. Conventionally, a user may submit queries that represent topics of interest to that user.

Searches using these conventional types of search engines are private, in that the originator of the query, and in fact the queries themselves along with their search results, are not automatically shared with anyone else. If the user does wish to share this type of information, it is currently done by a manual, user-initiated, process which can be fairly cumbersome and error prone.

In addition, while current search engines allow users to view relevant content, they do not promote relevant content that the user has not yet seen and that has been identified as interesting by a trusted resource. Therefore, users of conventional search engines must often sift through search results that they have already seen, or search results that are not necessarily of interest or that have not been labeled by any trusted resource as being particularly relevant.

The discussion above is merely provided for general background information and is not intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.

SUMMARY

Current social network sites encounter problems in allowing users to learn more about (and construct deeper relationships based on) shared interests with other people. Because information retrieval search systems are often used by users to search for information which is of interest to them, the searches, and the results that those users selected in response to the searches, often yield a great deal of knowledge about the current interests of the individuals using the information retrieval system. By making the information retrieval process public, so that it can be followed by others, an interest graph can be captured that allows people to learn more about shared interests with other people. It also allows items of interest to a trusted resource (such as an expert) to be identified. These items can then be brought to the attention of other users that share the same interest as the expert. In addition, by keeping track of what particular content a user has already seen, the system can bring items of interest to the user's attention, where the user has not yet seen those items.

This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter. The claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any or all disadvantages noted in the background.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of a public search system, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a simplified flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of the operation of the system shown in FIG. 1.

FIGS. 3A-3C are exemplary embodiments of user interface displays.

FIG. 4A is a flow diagram showing one embodiment of processing click data.

FIGS. 4B and 5 show exemplary embodiments of user interface displays.

FIG. 6 is a more detailed block diagram of a public search system, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a more detailed flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of the operation of the system shown in FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment for processing a query.

FIG. 8A illustrates one embodiment of information stored in a topic and statistics data store.

FIG. 8B illustrates one embodiment of information items contained in an exemplary record for a post

FIG. 9 is a more detailed flow diagram showing one embodiment for processing click data.

FIG. 10 is a simplified block diagram of an interest tracking component, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a simplified flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of the operation of the interest tracking component shown in FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 illustrates one embodiment for processing a message input.

FIG. 13 shows one embodiment of a portion of the search system used for surfacing unseen content of interest.

FIG. 14 is a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of the operation of the system shown in FIG. 13.

FIG. 15 is a flow diagram illustrating embodiments of how to identify content of interest.

FIG. 16 is a flow diagram illustrating embodiments of how to show unseen content of interest to a user.

FIG. 17 is a flow diagram showing one embodiment of assisting a user in searching.

FIG. 18 is a block diagram of one illustrative computing environment in which the public search system can be implemented.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION General Operation

FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of one embodiment of a social network 8 that includes public search system 10. Public search system 10 illustratively includes topic feed generator 12, feed distributor component 14, search component 16, processor 18 and unseen content of interest tracking component 19. Public search system 10 is also shown connected to a topic and statistics data store 20. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, public search system 10 is also illustratively connected to user interface component 22 which resides on a client device. The client device can be any suitable computing device, such as a laptop computer, a cellular telephone, any other type of personal digital assistant (PDA), other mobile device, or other computing device (such as a desktop computer).

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, public search system 10 is shown connected to user interface component 22 through network 24. Network 24 can be a local area network, a wide-area network (such as the Internet) or any other desired network. Of course, user interface component 22 could also be directly connected to, or reside on, public search system 10. FIG. 1 also shows that public search system 10 is connected to search engine 26 which, itself, is connected either through a network 28, or directly, to a corpus 30 that is to be searched.

Unseen content of interest tracking component 19 is discussed in greater detail below with respect to FIGS. 13-17. Briefly, however, in one embodiment, it facilitates identifying experts in different subject matter areas and also areas of interest for a given user. It then identifies content of interest to the given user and determines whether that content has been seen yet, by the user. If not, component 19 presents the unseen content of interest to the user at an appropriate time. Before describing component 19 in more detail, some other portions of network 8 and system 10 will be described for purposes of better understanding of one illustrative context in which component 19 can be deployed.

It will be appreciated that the block diagram shown in FIG. 1 is exemplary only. The functions associated with the elements to be described can be combined into a single component, or further divided into more discrete components. Similarly, the connections shown in FIG. 1 can be through networks, or direct connections, and those shown are for exemplary purposes only.

FIG. 2 is a simplified flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of the operation of social network 8 shown in FIG. 1. FIGS. 3A-3C show illustrative user interface displays corresponding to the operation of the system described with respect to FIG. 2. FIGS. 1-3C will be described in conjunction with one another.

User interface component 22 illustratively resides on a user's system, which may be a client device. In one embodiment, in order to use system 8, a user first engages user interface component 22 to set up an account which includes, for example, a user name and password. The user inputs these items through interface component 22, and they are stored in topic and statistics data store 20. The user is illustratively able to identify topics of interest which the user wishes to follow, or individual users or groups of users that the user wishes to follow as well. As discussed below with respect to FIGS. 10 and 13-16, these explicit indications of topics of interest can be considered by component 19 in identifying content of interest for the user. This information is also stored in data store 20. This can all be done through user interface displays generated by component 22.

Once this is done, and the user wishes to use system 8, the user illustratively logs on to system 8, through an authentication component (which is described in greater detail below), and user interface component 22 generates a user interface display 40 such as that shown in FIG. 3A. In the illustrative user interface display 40, the user's user name is John Doe and that is displayed generally at 42, along with an image 44 which can be selected by John Doe to represent his user name. The display also presents a search box 46, which is a text box that allows the user to enter text (such as by using a keyboard) that represents a search query that the user wishes to have executed. Interface display 40 also illustratively displays the user names or topics that user 42 is following. This is generally indicated at 48. User interface display 40 may also illustratively list other users that are following user 42. This is generally indicated at 50. In addition, user interface display 40 displays a public stream of information 52, which has already been generated. The public stream 52 illustratively includes a plurality of posts 54, corresponding to received topic feeds 70 which will be described in greater detail below. Further, user interface display 40 illustratively includes a set of actuable elements generally shown at 200. By actuable (or actuatable) elements, it is meant that the elements can be actuated through a suitable user interface operation, such as by clicking on an element using a pointing device (like a mouse) or double-clicking or otherwise. These are described in greater detail below as well.

When the interface display 40 is displayed by user interface component 22, the user can enter a desired query into textbox 46. In the example shown in FIG. 3A, the user has typed in “stories about Paul Bunyan”. This corresponds to query 60 shown in FIG. 1. The query is sent from user interface component 22 to public search component 10, and specifically to topic feed generator 12. Receipt of query 60 by public search system 10 is illustrated by block 62 in FIG. 2.

Topic feed generator 12, in response to receiving query 60, generates a topic feed that includes query 60 and that is to be output in the public stream 52 as a topic feed 70. Generating the topic feed 70, including the query 60, is indicated by block 72 in FIG. 2.

Feed distributor component 14 then accesses data store 20 to identify the followers of both John Doe (the user that submitted query 60) and the followers of the subject matter content of the query 60, itself. For instance, the subject matter content of query 60 is illustratively “Paul Bunyan”. Therefore, if any users have indicated that they wish to follow the topic category (or subject matter category) “Paul Bunyan”, then they would be identified by feed distributor component 14 as a recipient of topic feed 70 as well. Feed distributor component 14 then distributes or publishes the topic feed 70 to those recipients that were identified. Identifying recipients is indicated by block 73 in FIG. 2, and distributing the topic feed 70 to the recipients is indicated by block 74 in FIG. 2. It can thus be seen that upon submission of query 60, system 8 automatically publishes that query in a topic feed to all relevant recipients, without any further input from the user.

The distribution or publication can be done in other ways as well. For instance, feed distribution component 14 can wait to update the system of a recipient until the recipient logs on to the system or otherwise engages the system. Similarly, the feed distribution component 14 can wait to distribute topic feed 70 to recipients until after the user has interacted with the results from the query (as described below).

It should be noted that, in FIG. 3A, a wide variety of other embodiments can be used. For instance, public stream 52 may be divided into two streams, one which reflects posts from people that the user is following and the other that reflects posts from topic areas that the user is following. Of course, a wide variety of other changes can be made to the display shown in FIG. 3A, as well.

Once the topic feed 70 has been distributed and published to the identified recipients, a user interface component 22 (corresponding to the recipients) illustratively generates a display for those recipients, such as shown in FIG. 3B. FIG. 3B is similar to that shown in FIG. 3A, except that the user 42 is indicated as Jane Deer. It can be seen from FIG. 3A that Jane Deer is one of the followers of John Doe. Therefore, the topic feed 70 generated from any activity of John Doe will be distributed to, and published at, a user interface component 22 residing at Jane Deer's device.

The topic feed 70 is posted as a post 54 on the public stream 52 of the user interface display shown in FIG. 3B. It can be seen in FIG. 3B that the public stream 52 includes the post “John Doe searched for stories about Paul Bunyan”. FIG. 3B shows that both the source of the post and the search which is the subject matter of the post are actuable links, and this is indicated by boxes 90 and 92 in FIG. 3B. Therefore, the term “John Doe” is included in box 90 and the query “stories about Paul Bunyan” is included in box 92. If the user of the system that generated the display in FIG. 3B (that is, Jane Deer) clicks on the text in either box 90 or 92, then the user's system takes action. If the user clicks on box 90, which contains the source of the post, then the user's system links the user to the home page of the person identified in box 90 (John Doe). Therefore, if Jane Deer clicks on box 90 that includes “John Doe”, then Jane Deer's system navigates to the home page for John Doe, and presents Jane Deer with a user interface display such as that shown in FIG. 3A. If Jane Deer clicks on box 92, the results for that query will be returned to Jane Deer. This will be described in more detail below.

At the same time that feed distributor component 14 is distributing the topic feed generated by generator 12, search component 16 is also providing query 60 to search engine 26 for execution against corpus 30. Search engine 26 may illustratively be a conventional information retrieval search engine that searches the web for content associated with the query that was input. Search engine 26 can alternatively be implemented in search component 16. Search engine 26 executes the search against corpus 30 and returns search results 80 to search component 16 in public search system 10. Search component 16 then returns results 80 to user interface component 22 corresponding to the author of the query 60 (that is, corresponding to John Doe).

Not only does search component 16 pass query 60 on to search engine 26 for execution against corpus 30, but search component 16 also searches the records stored in data store 20 for any other posts that are relevant to the subject matter of query 60. It may be that John Doe or other users of public search system 10 have submitted similar queries, and therefore topic feeds 70 may have already been generated for those similar queries. Thus, search component 16 searches data store 20 for posts from previously generated topic feeds 70 that are relevant to query 60. These are returned to the user through user interface component 22 as stream results 81. In other embodiments, the records returned from searching data store 20 can be used to re-order search results 80 returned from search engine 26 or a search engine other than search engine 26.

User interface component 22 then generates a display 98 for the user (who submitted the query) such as that shown in FIG. 3C. The display shown in FIG. 3C is similar to that shown in FIG. 3A, and similar items are similarly numbered. However, there are a number of differences. It can be seen that FIG. 3C shows that the search results are presented in two separate categories. The first is stream results section 100 and the second is web results section 102. Under web results section 102, the search results 80 generated by search engine 26 are presented to the user as user actuable links. By way of example, one of results 80 is a URL entitled “Paul and Babe in Bemidji, Minn.”. It is shown in a box 103 to indicate that it is actuable on display 98. That is, if the user clicks on one of the results 80, the user will be taken to the web page, or other corpus entry, that spawned that search result.

Under stream results section 100, user interface display 98 lists all posts which contain search results 81 relevant to query 60. That is, if data store 20 included posts that were relevant to the query 60, those posts are also displayed in the stream results 81, along with the web results 80. Again, to the extent that there are any actuable links in stream results 81, posted in stream results section 100, the user can simply click on those actuable links and be taken to the underlying source that spawned the link.

FIG. 3C also shows that system 8 can suggest additional search strategies. This is shown generally at 105.

Sharing Activity

FIGS. 4A-5 illustrate yet another embodiment. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4A-5, not only is the public stream 52 filled with topic feeds 70 that contain queries, but it also contains other search activities by users, such as whether the user clicked on one of the results 80 or 81 returned in response to a query 60, or whether the user actuated any of the links in the public stream 52. FIG. 4A is a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of the operation of the system shown in FIG. 1, where a user (e.g., Jane Deer) that has received topic feed 70 actuates one of the links in one of the posts in topic feed 70.

By way of example, assume that John Doe had clicked on one of the search results, such as result 103, that was presented in response to the query 60. In that case, the user interface display 120 generated at Jane Deer's device is updated to look like that shown in FIG. 4B. That is, it would not only show that John Doe had searched for stories about Paul Bunyan, but it would also indicate that John Doe clicked on (or actuated a link for) one of the search results 103. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4B, display 120 also shows that the public stream 52 has been updated to indicate that John Doe clicked on the particular URL “Paul and Babe in Bemidji, Minn.” that is highlighted by box 122 to indicate that it is also actuable by Jane Deer.

One embodiment of the operation of system 8 in generating this type of post is shown in FIG. 4A. First, FIG. 4A shows that public search system 10 receives either a click on a query or a result that was previously displayed in public stream 52 by user interface component 22. That is, assume that John Doe clicked either on a query in his public stream 52 or (in this case) one of the search results 103 displayed in FIG. 3C. This information is conveyed to public search system 10 as illustrated by block 150 in FIG. 4.

Topic feed generator 12 then generates a topic feed that includes either the query clicked on by John Doe, or, in this case, the result 103 from web results 80 that was clicked on by John Doe. Generating the topic feed, including the actuated result, is indicated by block 152 in FIG. 4A.

Feed distributor component 14 then identifies recipients of the topic feed just generated, and distributes or publishes the topic feed generated in block 152 to those recipients. This is indicated by blocks 154 and 156. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4B, Jane Deer's user interface display 120 is updated with an additional post to the public stream 52 which shows that not only has John Doe 90 searched for “stories about Paul Bunyan”, but he actually clicked on one of the results 80 returned in response to that query, namely a URL entitled “Paul and Babe in Bemidji, Minn.” 103, shown in block 122 in user interface display 120.

In response to John Doe clicking on that result, search component 16 and search engine 26 are used to return the document or page that spawned the link in box 122, to John Doe over user interface component 22, for viewing. This is indicated by block 158 in FIG. 4A.

While FIG. 4A has been described with respect to John Doe clicking on one of the search results 80 that was returned in response to the query 60, the same action is taken if any other user clicked on an actuable link in their public stream 52. For instance, if Jane Deer is presented with the user interface display 120 shown in FIG. 4B, Jane Deer can then click on the query “stories about Paul Bunyan” 92 or on the result “Paul and Babe in Bemidji, Minn.” shown in box 122, and public search system 10 will generate a topic feed 70 for that activity as well. That is, assuming that Jane Deer has clicked on the query in box 92, topic feed generator 12 will generate a topic feed that includes that query, and feed distributor component 14 will distribute the topic feed to all identified recipients for that topic feed. Similarly, search component 16 and search engine 26 will return the results 80 of the actuated query to the user interface component 22 used by Jane Deer and that will be displayed to John Doe, in a similar fashion to that shown in FIG. 3C (where they were displayed for John Doe) in the first instance.

Similarly, if Jane Deer were to instead click on the result in box 122, then John Doe's user interface display would be updated to show that as well. This is because John Doe is a follower of Jane Deer and would therefore be the recipient of any topic feeds generated by Jane Deer's search activity.

Other Features

User interface displays 3A-3C and 4B show a number of additional features as well. First, the user interface displays include a number of navigation buttons generally indicated at 200. These buttons illustratively include a “home” button, a “web” button, a “news” button, an “images” button, a “videos” button, a “stream” button, a “people” button, and an “about” button. Of course, these are exemplary buttons only and different buttons, additional buttons, or fewer buttons could be used as well. In the embodiment shown, the “home” button takes the user to the user's home page showing the public stream 52 generated using topic feeds 70 that were received by that user. The “web” button takes the user to a web browser and the “news” button takes the user to a news site that displays news that may be relevant to the user. The “images” and “videos” buttons allow a user to easily confine submitted queries to look for either images or videos that are relevant to the search terms in the query, and the “stream” button allows the user to search the user's own public stream 52 for posts relevant to the query. The “people” button allows the user to identify people of interest, that the user may wish to follow. The system can also automatically suggest experts and other people to follow even if the user does not actuate the “people” button. The “about” button describes the functionality of the system.

A number of the user interface displays also include additional features on the bottom of the posts, generally indicated by arrow 204. They include a “time of post” feature, a “like” feature and a “comment” feature. The “time of post” feature simply indicates the time that a post was posted on the user's public stream 52. The “like” button allows the user to indicate that he or she likes the post, and the “comment” button allows the user to comment on the post. This may be done, for instance, by exposing a text box within which the user can comment on the post and have that comment published to other recipients. One embodiment of this is shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 5 shows part of a post that includes the result 103 discussed above. FIG. 5 also shows that, once the user has actuated the “comment” button, a dropdown text box 220 appears, which allows the user to enter a textual comment related to the post 103. The textual comment in box 220 is then distributed to identified recipients.

More Detailed Embodiment

FIG. 6 illustrates a more detailed block diagram of system 8, and particularly a more detailed block diagram of one embodiment of public search system 10. Items in FIG. 6 which are similar to those shown in FIG. 1 are similarly numbered. However, FIG. 6 shows that public search system 10 includes a variety of other components as well.

The input from user interface component 22 to public search system 10 is shown not simply as query 60, but as a topic input 210. Topic input 210 can be a query, a click, an administrative input, such as the input of a user name or password to log on to the system, an explicit indication of a topic or person of interest that is to be followed, or a wide variety of other inputs.

Public search system 10 also includes additional components such as user authentication component 212 which is used to authenticate user's logging on to the system. Public search system 10 also includes topic data collection component 214 which collects various items of data (described below) that are stored in data store 20. System 10 also includes query/result analyzer 216 that can be used to both identify the subject matter content of queries and results, and to analyze whether they should more properly be pursued in a private venue.

Messaging and notification system 218, also included in system 10, is used for receiving and transmitting messages among users of system 10, and also for providing notifications to users in system 10. The messages and notifications are indicated by block 220.

System 10 also includes topic statistics generator 222 that generates a variety of statistics which will be described below, as well as interest tracking component 224 and suggestion component 226. Interest tracking component 224 processes the various queries and search results that a user interacts with on system 10 to implicitly determine a user's interests. These are included, along with interests explicitly input by a user, to not only suggest topics or people to follow, but to also suggest changes to search queries that might be input by a user. These suggestions are generated by suggestion component 226.

FIG. 6 also shows that data store 20 has its own index 203. Index 203 indexes the information in data store 20 for ease of searching.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of the operation of the system shown in FIG. 6. FIGS. 6 and 7 will be described in conjunction with one another. It should be noted, of course, that the features described in FIGS. 6 and 7 can be in addition to, or instead of, those shown in the previous figures. Also, the particular flow of operation described with respect to FIGS. 6 and 7 is illustrative only. In other words, certain steps could be reversed or performed in different orders or eliminated or other steps can be added. Similarly, the functions of the various components shown in FIG. 6 could either be combined or split even more finely, using other components. Those shown are shown for exemplary purposes only.

During operation, a user first logs on to system 8, through user interface component 22, by illustratively performing some type of user authentication steps. This is managed by user authentication component 212 and indicated by block 300 in FIG. 7. In one embodiment, user authentication simply requires the user to input a user name and associated password. User authentication component 212 then compares the user name and password with profile records stored in data store 20 (or another data store) to determine that the user is entering a valid user name and password. If so, processing continues. If not, the user is prohibited from accessing system 10, until a valid user name and password have been entered. Of course, other authentication components could be used, such as any type of biometric recognition system, voice recognition, etc.

Once user authentication has been performed, the user can provide a topic input 210 to public search system 10. The topic input can be a query, a click on a query, a comment, a click on a query result or a person, an indication that the user likes a particular post, an explicit indication that the user is interested in a given topic or a person, etc. Any type of input which reflects this type of search activity is received by processor 18 and routed to the appropriate components for analysis and processing. Receiving the topic input is indicated by block 302 in FIG. 7.

FIG. 7 shows that there are a number of different possibilities for the topic input 210. For instance, the topic input may be a query, or it may be a click (either on another person's query in a user's public stream, or on a search result that shows up in the user's public stream), it may be an explicit interest indication by the user indicating that the user is specifically interested in a topic area (such as a person or a subject matter area), or it could be another input. This is indicated by blocks 320, 322, 324, 326 and 328 in FIG. 7.

Processing a Query

If, at blocks 320 and 322, it is determined that the input is a query, then query processing is performed as shown in FIG. 8. This is indicated by block 330 in FIG. 7.

If the input is a query, such as query 60, then the processing described above with respect to FIG. 2 is performed. This is indicated by block 340 in FIG. 8. That is, a topic feed 70 is generated for the query 60 and recipients of the topic feed are identified and the topic feed 70 is automatically distributed to those recipients. The query 60 is then executed against a data store 30 and against posts in data store 20 and the results 80 and 81 are returned to the user. Embodiments of the user interfaces generated to show this were also described above with respect to FIGS. 3A-5.

However, FIG. 8 shows that, in another embodiment, additional processing can be performed as well. For instance, the query 60 can be provided to query/results analyzer 216 where a linguistic analysis is performed on the query 60 to identify the topics of interest reflected in the query. In one embodiment, keyword recognition is performed on the query to identify keywords, that are associated with topics of interest, that occur in the query. Of course, more advanced natural language processing and statistical analysis can be performed as well, to identify topics of interest. Performing linguistic analysis on the query is indicated by block 342 in FIG. 8.

The topics of interest identified in the linguistic analysis are then output to interest tracking component 224 (shown in FIG. 6). Interest tracking component 224 is described in greater detail below, with respect to FIGS. 11 and 12. Suffice it to say, for now, that interest tracking component 224 receives various items of information based on a user's activity (such as topics of interest reflected in queries or search results that the user has interacted with) and identifies areas of interest for the user based on all the information that the user is generating, or interacting with. This information is then used by unseen content of interest tracking component 19 to identify unseen content of interest and present it to the user. This is described in greater detail below with respect to FIGS. 13-17. Outputting the results of the linguistic analysis to the interest tracking component 224 is indicated by block 344 in FIG. 8.

FIG. 8 also shows that query/result analyzer 216 can perform additional processing as well. For instance, when using public search system 8, a user may forget that the user's queries are actually being published. Therefore, in one embodiment, query/results analyzer 216 analyzes the query, and possibly the query results, to determine whether the query might more appropriately be conducted in private. For instance, the user may not wish the public to know that he or she is looking for a new job. If the user posts a query such as “where can I automatically update my resume?”, this may give the user's co-workers, and even supervisors, information that the user does not yet wish to be made public. Of course, there are a variety of other subject matter areas that a user may wish to search, but which the user does not wish to be made public. Therefore, query/results analyzer 216 is illustratively set up to analyze the text of a query, and the text of results, to determine whether they are related to subject matter areas that may best be kept private. This is indicated by block 346 in FIG. 8. If not, then processing simply continues at block 354, which is discussed below.

However, if, at block 346, query/results analyzer 216 determines that the query or results relate to a subject matter area that the user may wish to be kept private, then query/results analyzer 216 provides an output to user interface component 22 that suggests to the user that the query be pursued privately. This can take the form of a cautionary message that is in bold letters, in colored letters, or otherwise. The output may also allow the user to simply click “yes” or “no” to direct the system to a private search forum. Suggesting that the query be pursued privately is indicated by block 348 in FIG. 8.

If the user does not desire that the query be pursued privately, then processing again simply reverts to block 354. However, if, at block 348, it is determined that the user does wish to have the query pursued privately, then processor 18 simply redirects the user to a private search environment, such as by opening a web browser using a private search engine. Determining whether a user wishes to proceed privately and, if so, directing the user to a private search environment, is indicated by blocks 350 and 352 in FIG. 8.

At block 354, data collection component 214 and topic statistics generator 224 collect various items of information from the query (and optionally the results) and generate desired statistics from that information and update and store the topic and statistics data generated, in data store 20. The information is illustratively indexed and the index entries are stored in index 203 as well.

Processing Clicks

Referring again to FIG. 7, if it is determined at block 324 that the topic input 210 is not a query, but is instead a click on a query or a click on a result, then click processing is performed, as indicated at block 332. One embodiment of click processing is described, in more detail, in FIG. 9.

Processor 18 first determines whether the click received as topic input 210 was on another user's query. This is indicated by block 550 in FIG. 9. If the input was a click on another user's query, then system 8 performs query processing as shown in FIG. 8, except that it is performed for the present user (who just clicked on the query) instead of for the user that previously input the query. For instance, if John Doe generates the query “stories about Paul Bunyan” and this is posted to the public stream 52 of Jane Deer, and Jane Deer clicks on that query, then query processing is performed in the same way as if Jane Deer had input the query originally, except that topic data collection component 214 and topic statistics generator 222 generate information and statistics for Jane Deer that show that she clicked on someone else's query, instead of input it herself. Analyzing the text of the query and returning results, etc., is performed in the same way as shown in FIG. 8. This is indicated by block 552 in FIG. 9.

If, at block 550, it is determined that the click was not on another's query, then processor 18 determines whether the click was on a search result input by another. This is indicated by block 554 in FIG. 9. If so, then system 8 performs the same processing as shown in FIG. 4A, for a click on a result. This is indicated by block 556 in FIG. 9.

FIG. 9 also shows that system 8 can illustratively perform additional processing, based on clicks, as well. It is not only queries input by users that indicate the interests of the users, but the results that the user interacts with (e.g., clicks on) also indicate the interests of a given user. Therefore, query/results analyzer 216 can perform linguistic analysis on the text of a result that was clicked on to identify the subject matter corresponding to that result. This is indicated by block 558. Those subject matter areas are output to interest tracking component 224 to assist in tracking the interests of the present user. This is indicated by block 560 in FIG. 9. The operation of interest tracking component 224 is discussed in greater detail below with respect to FIGS. 10 and 11.

If, at block 554, it is determined that the click was on some other portion of the user interface display, then processing proceeds with respect to block 328 in FIG. 7. This is indicated by block 562 in FIG. 9.

Processing Other Inputs

Referring again to FIG. 7, if, at block 320, it is determined that the input 210 is some other type of input, the appropriate action is simply taken, as indicated by block 336 in FIG. 7. For instance, FIG. 12 shows a flow diagram illustrating the operation of system 8 when the input 210 is a message. In that case, the message is sent to messaging and notification system 218 and output to the desired recipient. This is indicated by blocks 312, 314 and 316.

Appropriate processing is performed for any other input 210 as well. For instance, if the user clicks on the “comment” button and inputs a textual comment, then processor 18 controls system 8 to receive the textual input, as the comment, through user interface component 22 and identify recipients that are to receive it and then distribute it to those recipients.

It should also be noted that system 8 can include other things as well. For instance, though the description has proceeded with respect to system 8 receiving mouse clicks, textual inputs, etc., other input and output modes could also be used. User interface component 22 can receive speech input from the user and perform speech recognition, and system 8 can be controlled in that way as well. Alternatively, the speech recognition can be performed in public search system 10. Similarly, user interface component 22 can include text synthesis components that synthesize text into speech and communicate audibly with the user. A wide variety of other changes can also be made to the system.

Data Store 20

FIG. 8A illustrates one embodiment of a number of different items of information that can be stored in topic and statistics data store 20. Of course, the items of information shown in FIG. 8A are all related to an individual user. Therefore, it can be seen that data store 20 illustratively stores all of the queries 60 input by a given user, the clicks on other person's queries and clicks on search results as indicated by 400 in FIG. 8A, all of a user's followers 402, all of the comments 404 posted by the user, any friends 406 of the user (if friends are separately designated from followers) the user's interests, both explicitly indicated by the user, and implicitly derived by interest tracking component 224, as indicated by block 408 in FIG. 8A, post thread statistics associated with posts that were generated by the user, and the user's status. This is indicated by block 410 in FIG. 8A. Data store 20 also indicates a user's status as an expert or a guru as indicated by blocks 412 and 416 in FIG. 8A. Data store 20 is shown for exemplary purposes only and other types of data can be stored as well.

Post Thread Statistics

Topic statistics generator 222 illustratively generates post thread statistics which indicate the number of times that the user's posts have been interacted with (such as clicked on or re-posted) by others. For instance, if John Doe submits a query 60 which is posted to the public stream 52 of his followers, and one of the followers (such as Jane Deer) clicks on the query 60, then the query will also be posted on the public stream 52 of all of the followers of Jane Deer. Thread statistics 410, which are generated by topic statistics generator 222, track how many times the user's posts have been posted and re-posted in system 8.

In order to do this, each of the queries (or posts) is stored in data store 20, in one exemplary embodiment, according to a data structure such as that shown in FIG. 8B. It can be seen that the post itself, 500, has an associated root identifier (ID) 502, a relative identifier (ID) 504, and a path of relative identifiers (IDs) 506. The root ID 502 for the post is a unique identifier associated with the author, or originator, of the post. In the example being discussed, the root ID 502 is that associated with John Doe.

The relative ID for this post 504 is associated with someone downstream of John Doe who re-posted John Doe's original post. In the example being discussed, the relative ID 504 corresponds to Jane Deer. The path of relative IDs 506 extends from the relative ID (the most recent poster) for this post to the root ID 502. For instance, assume that Jane Deer's relative ID is 14. Then the path of relative ID's 506 is 14, 1. If one of Jane Deer's followers then re-posts the query, the root ID for the re-posted query stays the same (1), the relative ID belongs to the follower of Jane Deer (say the relative ID for that follower is 28) and the path of relative ID's is 28, 14, 1. In this way, statistics generator 224 not only keeps track of who originated the posts, but it keeps track of the number of times the post has been re-posted. It also keeps track of the path of followers through which the post traveled.

These types of post thread statistics are of interest for a number of reasons. For instance, on some social networking sites, when a post of an individual is widely disseminated, it is referred to as “going viral.” There can be some prestige associated with a post that has gone viral. However, it can be difficult to identify the originator of the post. Therefore, using statistics generator 222 and the data structure shown in FIG. 8B (or some similar data structure) system 8 can easily track the originator of viral posts, and give the originator credit for the post threads.

Expert and Guru Status

Expert status 412 and guru status 416 are illustratively assigned to users that have displayed a great deal of knowledge, or are widely followed, in a given topic area. These users are trusted resources in their given topic areas. For instance, if John Doe has displayed a great deal of knowledge, or is widely followed and, in fact, has a sufficient number of followers, in the topic and area of Paul Bunyan, then John Doe may be awarded the expert status 412 in the topic area of Paul Bunyan. If John Doe happens to be the most knowledgeable, or the most followed user in that subject matter area, then John Doe is illustratively awarded the highest (e.g., guru) status 416. This is indicated in data store 20 as well. Several ways of doing this are described below with respect to FIG. 13

In any case, data collection component 214 and topic statistics generator 222 can illustratively collect or generate the information necessary to award any desired status (for a topic or subject matter area) to one or more users, based on popularity, or other statistics.

Interest Tracking

To discuss interest tracking reference is again made to FIG. 7. Recall that a user can provide an input that explicitly identifies that the user is interested in something or someone. This is referred to as an explicit interest indication. If, at block 320, it is determined that the input 210 is an explicit interest indication (shown at block 326) then explicit interest tracking is performed as indicated by block 334. FIG. 10 shows a simplified block diagram of one embodiment of interest tracking component 224, and FIG. 11 shows one embodiment of its operation. FIG. 10 shows that interest tracking component 224 includes an implicit interest tracking component 580 and an explicit interest tracking component 582. Explicit interest tracking is discussed below, while the operation of implicit tracking component 580 is described first.

As briefly discussed above with respect to FIG. 6, interest tracking component 224 receives a variety of information and operates on that information to implicitly identify interests of a given user. By implicitly identifying interests, it is meant that the user has not made an explicit interest indication indicating that the user is interested in a certain subject matter area or person but instead component 518 implicitly derives that information based on analysis of a user's activity.

For instance, a user may explicitly indicate that he or she is interested in a topic by providing an appropriate input through user interface component 222. However, implicit interest tracking component 580 takes other inputs by the user and analyzes them to implicitly define the interests of the user. The information shown in FIG. 10, that is considered by component 518, is exemplary only, and other or different information can be used as well. However, the exemplary information shown in FIG. 10 includes textual information from queries 584, textual information derived from posts that the user has clicked on 586, and textual information from subject matter that the user has “liked” or indicated a preference for 588. The textual information from queries 584 can be the results of a grammatical analysis performed on the queries posted by the user, and may include (by way of example) keywords or predefined topics or people of interest to which the queries relate. Similarly, the information from clicks 586 can be grammatical information derived from queries that have been clicked on by the user, or results that have been clicked on by the user. In addition, the information from likes 588 can be generated from posts which the user has “liked” as discussed above with respect to FIGS. 3A-5. Alternatively, of course, tracking component 224 can receive the raw text from those sources and submit it to query/results analyzer 216 (or another component) for grammatical analysis as well. This is indicated by optional block 602 in FIG. 11.

Once implicit interest tracking component 580 receives grammatically analyzed text (as indicated by blocks 600 and 602 in FIG. 11), it, or another component, illustratively performs statistical analysis on content words of that text to identify implicit topics of interest. This is indicated by block 604. For instance, if implicit interest tracking component 580 simply receives a set of keywords that have been grammatically extracted from the textual sources, then implicit interest tracking component 580 illustratively counts and stores the frequency of occurrence of those words in the textual inputs. By identifying the content words that are most searched, or otherwise used or interacted with by a given user, implicit interest tracking component 580 can map those words to topics of interest that are recognized in system 8, or it can generate new topics of interest. For instance, if keywords that correspond to a particular subject matter (such as the words “Paul Bunyan”) are frequently used in queries, implicit component 518 can identify “Paul Bunyan” as a particular subject matter area of interest for the user. In addition, if the analyzed text includes the name of another user (with sufficient frequency) then that user may be identified as an interest of the current user. Similarly because data store 20 stores data that identifies other users that have similar interests to the present user, interest tracking component 224 can implicitly identify those other users as possible people for the current user to “follow”. Further, because system 10 identifies experts and/or gurus associated with topics of interest, system 10 can suggest these experts and/or gurus to the user as well. Performing the statistical analysis on the content words and other users is indicated by block 604. The same type of analysis can be performed on topics of interest (as opposed to content words) if the topics of interest are provided instead of just the content words.

Interest tracking component 224 also includes explicit interest tracking component 582. In one illustrative embodiment, a user can input an explicit interest indication by marking certain textual items, explicitly, as being items of interest to the user. For instance, the user can use the # tag before, or after, or surrounding, textual words to explicitly indicate that the user is interested in topics that correspond to those words.

This can also be used to remove certain textual items from the implicit interest tracking analysis. For instance, if the user inputs a query which includes the term “White House”, the user may be referring to the president's residence in Washington D.C., or to houses that are white in color, generally. If the text is not explicitly marked by the user, then implicit interest tracking component 580 may either analyze the text and believe that the user is interested in the president's residence, or in white houses in general. However, if the user explicitly marks the text as follows “#white# #house#” then the term “White House” will be removed from the implicit tracking analysis performed by component 580, and the terms “white” and “house” will be input as specifically, and explicitly, marked interests 584 to explicit component 582. Explicit component 582 can correlate the marked interest 584 to already defined topics of interest, or it can use that information to define a new topic of interest that the user can follow.

After it has received the textual inputs and performed the linguistic and statistical processing, interest tracking component 224 generates a list of the top N interests 585 which have been derived for the given user. The top N interests will, of course, include all of those interests which have been explicitly indicated by the user. However, they may also include a number of topics of interest that have been implicitly derived by component 580. The number, N, of topics of interest that are output and stored for a given user can be empirically set, or it can be chosen by the user, or it can simply be selected at random or any other way. For instance, in one embodiment, interest tracking component 224 keeps track of the top 50 topics of interest for a given user, whether they are implicitly derived or explicitly input.

Once all the inputs have been analyzed, interest tracking component 224 combines the implicit topics of interest with the explicit topics of interest, as indicated by block 606, and updates data store 20 to indicate the new or revised topics of interest, and also outputs them for review by the user. This illustratively includes a separate list of other users who are experts or gurus or simply share the same topics of interest. This is indicated by block 608. Interest tracking component 224 can do this in a number of different ways. For instance, interest tracking component 224 can automatically update the “Following” list on the user's home page to include any newly identified topics of interest (subject matter areas or people), and to delete old topics of interest, which no longer fall within the top N topics of interest 585 output by component 224. In this way, system 8 can automatically begin posting new posts to the public stream 52 of the user, to reflect the new, implicitly derived and explicitly indicated topics of interest. Of course, the user may not wish the system to automatically update his or her topics of interest in the “Following” list. Therefore, alternatively, interest tracking component 224 may simply provide an output that indicates to the user that certain changes in the user's topics of interest are suggested, and allow the user to accept or reject those changes, either individually, or as a group. This is indicated by block 610 in FIG. 11. Component 224 illustratively keeps updating the top N list 585 as the user uses system 8. In this way, the user can easily ensure that the public stream 52 contains posts that are of current interest to the user.

Surfacing Unseen Content of Interest for a Given User

It has been found that it is difficult for a user to perform a search and only view results that domain experts or gurus (or other trusted sources) have already seen, but that the user has not already seen. FIGS. 13-17 describe a mechanism by which a user can perform a search and quickly access the best content which has been either implicitly or explicitly recommended by a domain expert or guru in a given topic space, without having to do his or her own analysis of the search results. It also enables a user to be presented with the search results that have not yet been seen by the user.

FIG. 13 is another illustrative block diagram showing certain items of public search system 10 that can be used to accommodate the user in this way. Some elements in FIG. 13 are similar to those shown in FIGS. 1 and 6, and are similarly numbered. FIG. 13, however, also shows unseen content of interest tracking component 19 in greater detail, includes crawler component 650, and shows that system 10 is connected through search engine 26 to network 28, which is, itself, connected to a plurality of different websites 652 and 654. Each site 652 and 654 has substantive content 656 and 658. Sites 652 and 654 (and the associated content) can be part of the corpus to be searched 30 shown in FIGS. 1 and 6, or they can be separate. Content in sites 652 and 654 is identified by index builder 657 which builds index 659 to the content. In addition, FIG. 13 shows expert/guru data store 660, along with user click index 662 and unseen content store 664. It will be noted that these stores can be part of topic and statics data store 20 shown in FIGS. 1 and 6, or they can be separate data stores. Similarly, expert/guru store 660 can also correspond to expert status 412 and guru status 416 in topic and statics data store 20, or it can be separate from those status indicators as well.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 13, a user 670 interacts with user interface component 22 by inputting various inputs to, and receiving various outputs from public search system 10. Those inputs and outputs can be those described above and are indicated in FIG. 13, collectively, as various inputs and outputs 672. Based on the various inputs and outputs 672, unseen content of interest tracking component 19 identifies unseen content of interest for user 670 and presents the unseen content of interest 674 to user 670 through user interface component 22.

FIG. 13 shows that unseen content of interest tracking component 19 includes expert identifier component 676. Expert identifier component 676, itself, includes manual component 678 and machine component 680. Expert identifier component 676 identifies trusted resources (such as experts and gurus) in various subject matter areas and stores them as expert status 412 and guru status 416 in expert/guru store 660 (which can be part of data store 20). Expert identifier component 676 can identify experts algorithmically using machine component 680.

Particular ways in which trusted resources (e.g., expert status 412 and gum status 416) are identified by machine component 680 can vary widely. As discussed above, they may simply have to do with the number of followers a given user has on a given subject. Of course, they may also be determined based on the post thread statistics (the number of posts or re-posts attributed to that user) on that given topic or subject matter area. Other techniques can be used as well, in order to recognize someone as an expert or guru. For instance, a community of users can vote on that status by entering appropriate inputs on interface 22, or the status can be awarded in other ways as well.

In addition, an expert or gum can be determined algorithmically, based upon the user's interactions with public search system 8. For instance, it is believed that the level of detail in a user's queries on a given subject matter area reflects the user's depth of knowledge in that area. That is, if a user is relatively new to a subject matter area, that user's queries tend to be shorter and broader in linguistic content. However, if the user is quite knowledgeable in that subject matter area, then the queries input by the user tend to be longer and more specific. Therefore, in accordance with one embodiment, an ontology is developed for various topics. When a user inputs a query related to one of those topics, a natural language processing system parses the query and applies it to the ontology for that subject matter area. The ontology may illustratively be a graph of linguistic elements, such as words, which start at a first level that reflects relatively little understanding of the topic area represented by the ontology. The linguistic elements in the graph, at deeper levels, correspond to a more in-depth knowledge of the topic area represented by the ontology. Therefore, when a user inputs a query, the natural language processing system applies the linguistic content of the query against the ontology. If the query matches one of the initial levels in the ontology, then the user is deemed to have relatively little knowledge of that subject matter area. However, if the query descends more deeply into the ontology, and matches a deeper level of the ontology, then the user is deemed to have a more in-depth knowledge of the topic area represented by the ontology. In one embodiment, if the user submits enough queries that descend deeply enough into the ontology, then the user is deemed to be an expert or guru in the topic area represented by the ontology. Of course, the depth of the ontology and the number of queries that descend to that depth (in order to identify a user as a trusted resource such as an expert or guru) can be empirically determined, and can be different for different applications, and even for different subject matter areas. This mechanism for identifying experts and gurus is exemplary only.

In another embodiment, a weighted, inverted index is generated based upon the queries input by each given user. The inverted index is formed of bi-grams (two-word units) used by the user in the input queries. The bi-grams are weighted based on their frequency of occurrence in the queries input by the users. Bi-grams are also associated with the different topic areas. Therefore, the weighted bi-grams in the index will represent the amount of search activity performed by the given user in the different topic areas. If a user shows a sufficiently large level of activity in a given topic space, then that user may be identified as an expert or guru in that topic space. Again, the level of activity required to identify a user as an expert or guru may be empirically determined, or determined otherwise, and it may vary based on application or based on subject matter area.

Yet another embodiment for identifying experts or gurus is simply through the direct use of human knowledge. For instance, it may be widely known in a community of users that a given individual is an expert in a subject matter or topic area. Those individuals can be manually identified as experts or gurus using manual component 678, or they can be recruited to participate in the community of users of system 10 and to identify themselves as experts or gurus. Again, this is but one exemplary mechanism for identifying an individual as an expert or guru.

In one embodiment, manual component 678 simply generates an appropriate user interface at user interface component 22 to allow a user or community of users to identify an expert in a given area. In any case, the experts and gurus are stored in store 660, and are associated with the given subject matter or topic areas for which they are experts or gurus.

Component 19 is also shown in FIG. 13 as including click index generator 682. Click index generator 682 generates an index of all the information that a given user 670 has clicked on or interacted with through user interface component 22. This information is stored in user click index 662.

FIG. 13 also shows that component 19 includes new content identifier 684. Crawler component 650 crawls the content indexed in index 659 to identify new content that has been added. The new content is provided to new content identifier 684, which identifies content of interest in the various subject matter or topic areas that are of interest to users of system 10. As will be described below, new content identifier 684 determines, based on the user click index 662 and based on the outputs from interest tracking component 224, which users would find the new content of interest. It then identifies whether the individual users have seen each item of content and stores unseen content of interest for the various users in unseen content store 664. Then, when a given user begins using system 10, component 19 presents the unseen content of interest 674 to the given user in a desired way.

FIG. 14 is a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of the overall operation of the system shown in FIG. 13, in presenting unseen content of interest 674 to a given user 670. Crawler component 650 first crawls the index of content 659 to identify content that is associated with the different topic areas or subject matter areas that are of interest to users of system 10. In addition, of course, crawler 650 can crawl the index of content to identify content related to additional subject matter areas or topics of interest as well, even though they are not currently of interest to any user of system 10.

The information generated by crawler component 650 is then provided to expert identifier 676 can use machine component 680 to analyze the text of the content and, if the text reflects a sufficient level of knowledge, then the author of the content can be identified as an expert or guru for that subject matter or topic of interest, and stored in data store 660. Of course, as discussed above, expert identifier component 676 also identifies experts using manual component 678 or by analyzing query and search interactions with system 10 as well. Crawling the index of content and identifying experts in topic areas is indicated by blocks 690 and 692 in FIG. 14. Interest tracking component 224 also identifies topics of interest for the given user 670. This is discussed above with respect to FIG. 10, and is indicated by block 694 in FIG. 14.

Click index generator 682 receives and stores click data showing the content that the given user 670 has already accessed (such as clicked on or otherwise interacted with). Click index generator 682 then stores this information in user click index 662. This allows system 10 to track the content that a user 670 has already seen, and is indicated by block 696 in FIG. 14.

New content identifier 684 then identifies content of interest provided by crawler 650, which may be of interest for the given user 670, based upon the topics of interest or subject matter areas of interest to the user 670. This is indicated by block 698 in FIG. 14. It will be noted that this can be done in a number of different ways. This is described in greater detail below with respect to FIG. 15.

In any case, once content of interest has been identified for a user, then new content identifier 684 compares that content with the content that has already been seen by user 670, based upon the information in user click index 662. New content identifier 684 thus obtains a list of content of interest that has not already been seen by user 670. This is indicated by block 700 in FIG. 14. It should be noted that new content identifier 684 can include all of the content that relates to a topic of interest or subject matter area of interest to a user, and simply emphasize the items of content that have not been seen by the user, or it can explicitly exclude certain items from the list. For example, in an instance where the user is following an evolving story, news articles that are written earlier in time may not necessarily be of interest anymore, relative to those that have been written more recently in time. In that case, content identifier 684 can expressly exclude those earlier articles from the list of content of interest that is presented to the user. Alternatively, new content identifier 684 can present all of the content of interest to the user and simply highlight the unseen content of interest 674 in a suitable way, such as by providing it higher up in the displayed list of returned content, such as by displaying it in bold letters, or otherwise. The optional step of excluding non-useful content is indicated by block 702 in FIG. 14.

Then, the next time the user is ready to view the unseen content of interest 674, component 19 presents the list of unseen content of interest 674 to user 670, through user interface component 22. This is indicated by block 704 in FIG. 14.

In one illustrative embodiment, component 19 explicitly indicates why this list of content is being presented to the user. For instance, where an article has just been written by an expert in one of the topic areas of interest to a user 670, component 19 may display a link to that article along with a description of why the article is being displayed to the user. By way of example, the explanation might read “This article is being presented to you because it was written by John Q. Public, who is an expert in the area of Paul Bunyan.” Of course, there are a wide variety of other ways to explain why any given item of unseen content is being presented to the user, and a textual description is but one example. Explicitly indicating why a list of content is being presented to the user is indicated by block 706 in FIG. 14.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating a number of different embodiments for identifying content of interest for a given user 670 (as indicated by block 698 in FIG. 14). In one embodiment, an expert 708 provides an input to system 10 (through user interface component 22 or directly to new content identifier 684, or otherwise) that indicates that the expert 708 has interacted with an item of content in a predefined way. For instance, it may be that the expert 708 conducted a search in one of his or her areas of expertise and clicked on a search result that was returned in response to the search. In that case, this search result is identified by new content identifier 684 as being content of interest in that specific subject matter or topic area. In another embodiment, the user may simply click on, or “like”, or comment on a post 54 in the expert's public stream 52. New content identifier 684 then identifies the post that was interacted with by expert 708 as content of interest for the identified subject matter or topic area. Identifying content of interest related to a given subject matter or topic area based on an expert interaction with that item of content is indicated by block 710 in FIG. 15.

In another embodiment, crawler component 650 can identify an item of content (such as an article or a comment in the public search stream 52 of expert 708, or any other item of content, that was authored by expert 708). In that case, the item of content that is authored by expert 708 can be identified by new content identifier 684 as content of interest. This is indicated by block 712 in FIG. 15.

In yet another embodiment, crawler component 650 can identify information on a third party site 714 (such as another social networking site or blog site) or new content identifier 684 can receive information directly from the third party site 714. By way of example, assume that expert 708 also authors or contributes to a blog on another site or is a member of another social network. The content of interest might be a post, outside of pubic search system 10, but instead on third party site 714 that hosts the blog or the alternate social network. Posts or comments by expert 708 on that third party site 714 can either be directly provided to new content identifier 684 or they can be provided by crawler component 650 crawling the third party site 714. In either case, the content that was authored or interacted with by the expert 708 on third party site 714 can be identified by new content identifier 684 as content of interest for the given topic area or subject matter area. This is indicated by blocks 716 in FIG. 15.

Finally, content identifier 684 can identify new content of interest in any other way. This is indicated by block 718 in FIG. 15. It will be noted that, in each of the examples shown in FIG. 15, natural language processing can be conducted on these items to determine whether they relate to the subject matter area for which expert 708 is identified as an expert.

Once the content has been identified as content of interest, then it is marked as content of interest for a given user. This is indicated by block 720 in FIG. 15.

FIG. 16 is a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment in which tracking component 19 presents the unseen content of interest to user 670 through user interface component 22 (as indicated by block 704 in FIG. 14). FIG. 16 indicates a variety of different embodiments for providing this information.

In one embodiment, user 670 logs on to system 10 as described above. This is indicated by block 722 in FIG. 16. Then, component 19 and public search system 10 can provide the unseen content of interest 674 to user 670 in a variety of different ways. In one embodiment, system 10 waits until user 670 inputs a query on one of the user's topics of interest. Receiving such a query is indicated by block 724 in FIG. 16. In response, public search system 10 identifies search results related to the query as described above with respect to FIGS. 1 and 6, and also identifies unseen content of interest from store 664 that is responsive to the query. This is indicated by block 726 in FIG. 16. The system then outputs the search results with emphasis on the unseen content of interest 674, through user interface component 22, to user 670. This is indicated by block 728 in FIG. 16. Again, this can be done by presenting only the unseen content of interest, or by emphasizing the unseen content of interest by ranking it higher on the search results page, or by otherwise emphasizing it such as providing it in bold letters, in shaded or highlighted characters or otherwise.

In another embodiment, after the user logs on to system 10 at block 72, system 10 waits until the user clicks on the topic (or person) that the user is following. For instance, as shown in the user interface displays of FIGS. 3A-4B, system 10 can provide a user interface display indicating particular people or other topics of interest that the user has explicitly or implicitly indicated interest in. When the user logs on to the system and clicks on one of those areas, then public search system 10 can provide the unseen content of interest 674 via user interface component 22 to user 670. In that case, the results provided to the user 670 will be only those related to the particular topic of interest that the user has clicked on. Receiving the user click and generating the display are indicated by blocks 730 and 732 in FIG. 16, respectively.

In yet another embodiment, system 10 provides the unseen content of interest 674, using a specialized display, as soon as the user 670 logs onto the system. For instance, once user 670 logs on, system 10 may provide a user interface display on (for instance) half of the screen, that indicates that there is new content of interest on given subject matter areas that are of interest to the user, that the user has not yet seen. This can be done automatically, as soon as the user logs in. The display will illustratively include links so user 670 can easily navigate to the unseen content of interest easily, by simply clicking on a link. This is indicated by block 734 in FIG. 16.

In yet another embodiment, system 10 can generate the display of unseen content of interest 674 and simply post it as a post 54 in the user's public stream 52. Therefore, as soon as the user logs on to the system as shown at step 722, and the user's public stream 52 is displayed, one of the posts 54 in public stream 52 will be the unseen content of interest in each of the topic areas or subject matter areas that are of interest to the user. This is indicated by block 736 in FIG. 16.

In any of the embodiments in FIG. 16, the system illustratively indicates, explicitly, why the content is being displayed. This was discussed above with respect to block 706 in FIG. 14, and it is indicated by the same numeral in FIG. 16.

FIG. 17 illustrates one exemplary embodiment of how system 10 can assist user 670 in arriving at relevant search results more quickly. In one embodiment, expert identifier component 676 not only identifies experts and gurus and stores them in store 660, but it also tracks all of the their queries that are related to the topic of interest for which they are deemed an expert or guru. By doing so, component 676 stores the various query progressions of the given experts or gurus in expert query progression store 661. For instance, it may be that an expert or guru puts in a first query but does not get the desired search results. In that case, the expert may revise the query slightly and resubmit it. Again, the expert may not get the desired search results. The expert may then revise the query a second time and submit it to the search component and finally arrive at desired results which the expert interacts with. By saving this query progression, system 10 can assist user 670 in arriving at relevant search results more quickly. FIG. 17 illustrates one way of doing this.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 17, public search system 10 first receives a user query, or query progression that relates to a given subject matter or topic of interest. This is indicated by block 734 in FIG. 17. As discussed above with respect to other features, system 10 can use a natural language processing system to identify the subject matter of the queries in the query progression. Of course, the query progression received by the user may be only a single query or it may be a progression of multiple queries. In any case, system 10 compares the received query progression from user 670 with the stored query progression used by experts in the subject matter area of the query progression input by the user. This is indicated by block 736 in FIG. 17.

If a matching query progression is found in store 661, system 10 can do one of a variety of different things. For instance, system 10 can output the results (also illustratively stored in store 661) that were finally interacted with at the end of the expert's query progression. For instance, when the expert has ended his or her query progression and finally interacted with some of the search results presented, those search results can automatically be presented to the user 670 as soon as the query progression of the user 670 matches the stored query progression of an expert in store 661.

Of course, user 670 illustratively need not duplicate the entire query progression of the expert. Instead, when the user submits one query that was perhaps the beginning of the query progression for the expert, system 10 can automatically retrieve and send the results of the final query in the expert's query progression to user 670. Alternatively, system 10 may wait for the user to progress through a number of different modifications within the query progression, before presenting the final search results of the expert's query progression. In any case, outputting the results that the expert eventually arrived at is indicated by block 738 in FIG. 17.

In another embodiment, instead of providing the results that were spawned from the final query in the expert's query progression, system 10 can simply suggest additional or different queries based upon the comparison with the expert's query progression. For instance, system 10 can generate a user interface suggesting that the user replace his or her initial query with the final query in the matching expert query progression. Suggesting additional queries is indicated by block 740 in FIG. 17. Of course, system 10 can assist the user at arriving at relevant search results, based upon a comparison with an expert query progression, in other ways as well.

Enterprise Search

It should be noted that while system 10 is described above as being completely public, it can also be public within a given context. For instance, system 10 can be deployed behind a firewall so only potential recipients that also reside behind the firewall will receive topic feed 70. This allows those in, for example, an organization to share search activity but keep that information behind the firewall. Thus, employees of a company can collaborate and have frank discussions and conduct shared search activity about competitors without providing the competitors with access to sensitive information. System 10 can also be deployed on even a smaller scale, such as within a work group.

Illustrative Computing Environment

FIG. 18 shows one illustrative computing environment where system 8 can be employed. The computing environment can be employed as public search system 10, user interface component 22, or both. Similarly, those components can be deployed on other type of computing devices, such as handheld devices, mobile devices, laptop devices, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants (PDA), etc.

With reference to FIG. 18, an exemplary system for implementing some embodiments includes a general-purpose computing device in the form of a computer 810. Components of computer 810 may include, but are not limited to, a processing unit 820 (which can act as processor 18) a system memory 830, and a system bus 821 that couples various system components including the system memory to the processing unit 820. The system bus 821 may be any of several types of bus structures including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. By way of example, and not limitation, such architectures include Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, and Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus also known as Mezzanine bus.

Computer 810 typically, but not always, includes a variety of computer readable media. Computer readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by computer 110 and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media includes both volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by computer 810. Communication media (which is not included in computer storage media) typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media.

The system memory 830 includes computer storage media in the form of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory such as read only memory (ROM) 831 and random access memory (RAM) 832. A basic input/output system 833 (BIOS), containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within computer 810, such as during start-up, is typically stored in ROM 831. RAM 832 typically contains data and/or program modules that are immediately accessible to and/or presently being operated on by processing unit 820. By way of example, and not limitation, FIG. 13 illustrates operating system 834, application programs 835, other program modules 836, and program data 837.

The computer 810 may also include other removable/non-removable volatile/nonvolatile computer storage media. By way of example only, FIG. 18 illustrates a hard disk drive 841 that reads from or writes to non-removable, nonvolatile magnetic media, a magnetic disk drive 851 that reads from or writes to a removable, nonvolatile magnetic disk 852, and an optical disk drive 155 that reads from or writes to a removable, nonvolatile optical disk 856 such as a CD ROM or other optical media. Other removable/non-removable, volatile/nonvolatile computer storage media that can be used in the exemplary operating environment include, but are not limited to, magnetic tape cassettes, flash memory cards, digital versatile disks, digital video tape, solid state RAM, solid state ROM, and the like. The hard disk drive 841 is typically connected to the system bus 821 through a non-removable memory interface such as interface 840, and magnetic disk drive 851 and optical disk drive 855 are typically connected to the system bus 821 by a removable memory interface, such as interface 850.

The drives and their associated computer storage media discussed above and illustrated in FIG. 18, provide storage of computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data for the computer 810. In FIG. 18, for example, hard disk drive 841 is illustrated as storing operating system 844, application programs 845, other program modules 846, and program data 847. Note that these components can either be the same as or different from operating system 834, application programs 835, other program modules 836, and program data 837. Operating system 844, application programs 845, other program modules 846, and program data 847 are given different numbers here to illustrate that, at a minimum, they are different copies.

A user may enter commands and information into the computer 810 through input devices such as a keyboard 862, a microphone 863, and a pointing device 861, such as a mouse, trackball or touch pad. Other input devices (not shown) may include a joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 820 through a user input interface 860 that is coupled to the system bus, but may be connected by other interface and bus structures, such as a parallel port, game port or a universal serial bus (USB). A monitor 891 or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus 821 via an interface, such as a video interface 890. In addition to the monitor, computers may also include other peripheral output devices such as speakers 897 and printer 896, which may be connected through an output peripheral interface 895.

The computer 810 can be operated in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer 880. The remote computer 880 may be a personal computer, a hand-held device, a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above relative to the computer 810. The logical connections depicted in FIG. 18 include a local area network (LAN) 871 and a wide area network (WAN) 873, but may also include other networks. Such networking environments are commonplace in offices, enterprise-wide computer networks, intranets and the Internet. Computer 810 can be used in many different applications. For instance, by way of example, and without limitation, it can be used for general purpose computing, data communication applications, in avionics, military applications or electronics, or shipping electronics. Of course, computer 810, or portions thereof, can be used in many other applications as well.

When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 810 is connected to the LAN 871 through a network interface or adapter 870. When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 810 typically includes a modem 872 or other means for establishing communications over the WAN 873, such as the Internet. The modem 872, which may be internal or external, may be connected to the system bus 821 via the user input interface 860, or other appropriate mechanism. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer 810, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storage device. By way of example, and not limitation, FIG. 18 illustrates remote application programs 885 as residing on remote computer 880. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers may be used.

Computer 810 may also act as one of the servers or server computers discussed with respect to FIG. 18. Also, it should be noted that many of the components shown in FIG. 18 can be fully implemented in silicon, or partially implemented in silicon. The particular configuration shown in FIG. 18 is exemplary only. The embodiments described above in FIGS. 1-17 can also be implemented by the processor and using memory and other components in FIG. 18.

Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims. 

1. A computer-implemented method of presenting content to a user in a search system that has a computer with a processor, the method comprising: identifying, with the processor, a trusted resource for a given subject matter area; identifying, with the processor, that the user has a subject matter area of interest that matches the given subject matter area of the trusted resource; identifying, with the processor, seen content that the user has already interacted with in the search system; identifying, with the processor, unseen content of interest in the given subject matter area, that the trusted resource has interacted with, and that the user has not already interacted with; and generating a user interface display presenting the unseen content of interest to the user, indicating that the user has not yet interacted with the unseen content of interest, and indicating that the trusted resource has interacted with the unseen content of interest.
 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein identifying the trusted resource, comprises: receiving, from a given user, inputs indicative of interactions with content; identifying a subject matter area of the content interacted with by the given user; determining a level of knowledge of the given user in the subject matter area of the content, based on a linguistic content of the inputs from the given user; and if the level of knowledge of the given user in the subject matter area of the content meets a threshold level, then identifying the given user as a trusted resource in the subject matter area of the content.
 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2 wherein receiving inputs indicative of interactions with content comprises: receiving queries in a public search system.
 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein identifying seen content, comprises: receiving user interaction inputs indicative of a user interacting with different items of content; and storing the user interaction inputs to generate a store of seen content for the user.
 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4 wherein receiving user interaction inputs, comprises: displaying posts in a public stream of the search system, for the user, as the different items of content; receiving user click inputs indicative of a user clicking on, liking, or commenting on, the posts; and generating a click index of the click inputs for the user, wherein storing the user interaction inputs comprises storing the click index.
 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 wherein identifying unseen content of interest, comprises: comparing an identification of content of interest that the trusted resource has interacted with to the click inputs in the click index for the user to identify whether the user has interacted with the content of interest that the trusted resource has interacted with.
 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 and further comprising: identifying content in the given subject matter area that the trusted resource has interacted with by identifying content authored by the trusted resource within the search system.
 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 and further comprising: identifying content in the given subject matter area that the trusted resource has interacted with by identifying content the trusted resource has interacted with on a third party site.
 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the search system comprises a public search system in which public streams are generated for the user and the trusted resource, each public stream having posts therein, and further comprising: receiving an input by the trusted resource indicative of the trusted resource interacting with a post in the public stream of the trusted resource; and identifying content in the post as content that the trusted resource interacted with.
 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9 wherein receiving an input by the trusted resource indicative of the trusted resource interacting with a post in the public stream comprises: receiving the input by the trusted resource as an indication that the trusted resource has authored, liked or commented on the post.
 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein generating a user interface display comprises: receiving a query, requesting information in the given subject matter area, from the user; generating search results responsive to the query; and generating the user interface display visually identifying certain ones of the search results as unseen content of interest.
 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the search system displays selectable elements representing subject matter areas of interest to the user, including the given subject matter area, and wherein generating a user interface display comprises: receiving a user selection of the selectable element representing the given subject matter area; and generating the user interface display showing the unseen content of interest for the given subject matter area represented by the selectable element selected by the user.
 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the search system comprises a public search system that displays a public search stream to the user having posts therein, and wherein generating the user interface display comprises: generating the user interface as a post to the public stream of the user.
 14. A public search system, comprising: a user interface component receiving user inputs indicative of user queries and user interactions with content generated by the public search system; a search component that receives queries input by a user, searches a data store and returns results responsive to the queries; an interest tracking component identifying topics of interest to the user an unseen content of interest tracking component that tracks, comprising: a trusted resource identifier identifying respective trusted resources in each of the identified topics of interest; a new content identifier identifying new content that the trusted resources interacted with in their respective topic of interest; and a seen results data store storing information indicative of search results that the user has interacted with, the unseen content of interest tracking component comparing the new content to the information in the seen results data store to determine whether the user has already interacted with the new content, to obtain a set of unseen content of interest for the user, and generating a user interface display at the user interface component displaying the unseen content of interest and an indication of why the unseen content of interest is being displayed; and a computer processor being a functional component of the system and activated by the interest tracking component and the unseen content of interest tracking component to facilitate identifying the topics of interest, the trusted resources and the unseen content of interest.
 15. The public search system of claim 14 and further comprising: a topic feed generator that generates a public stream that has posts that include the user queries and results, the new content identifier identifying, as new content, items in the posts of the public stream of a trusted resource that the trusted resource has interacted with.
 16. The public search system of claim 15 wherein the new content identifier identifies, as new content, search results returned in response to a trusted resource query submitted by the trusted resource and that the trusted resource selected for viewing.
 17. The public search system of claim 14 wherein the unseen content of interest tracking component generates the user interface display, in response to receiving a user query related to the unseen content of interest, the user interface display visually emphasizing the unseen content of interest and textually identifying the trusted resource that interacted with the unseen content of interest.
 18. A computer-implemented method of providing information to a user in a public search system, comprising: identifying a trusted resource for a given subject matter of interest based on interactions of the trusted resource with the search system in the given subject matter; storing query progressions of the trusted resource for queries submitted by the trusted resource relating to the given subject matter; storing result information indicative of search results returned in response to a final query in each stored query progression and indicative of results that the trusted resource interacted with; receiving a query progression from a user, including a user query related to the given subject matter; comparing the query progression from the user to the stored query progressions of the trusted resource to identify a matching, stored query progression; and providing a user interface display to the user based on the matching, stored query progression.
 19. The computer-implemented method of claim 18 wherein providing a user interface display comprises: providing a suggestion that the user modify the user query to be the final query in the matching stored query progression.
 20. The computer-implemented method of claim 18 wherein providing a user interface display comprises: providing the search results returned in response to the final query in the matching stored query progression and that the trusted resource interacted with. 